Electroplating Industry Overview:
my country's economy has continued to grow rapidly and has become the center of the world's manufacturing and processing industries. Electroplating technology not only plays an important role in traditional industries; big effect. It has become an indispensable part of my country's manufacturing industry.
There are tens of thousands of electroplating enterprises in my country, and the bases are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Jiaxing in Zhejiang, Kunshan, Suzhou, Wuxi in Jiangsu, Shandong coastal and northeastern coastal areas, Chongqing and surrounding areas.
With the growth of the market, my country's electroplating technology has made great progress at different levels. However, there are many problems in this industry, such as small and many enterprises, slow technology update, low management level, and large pollution, which seriously plague the development of this industry. Due to environmental pressure, many electroplating plants in big cities have been closed and moved to rural and poor marginal areas, but this is not a fundamental solution. The electroplating industry itself is not an independent industry. It is inseparable from the local industry. Therefore, the electroplating industry needs to develop for a long time in China. The premise of development must be solved in a way that is friendly to the environment. Sustainable development is also what electroplating people have been seeking. of.
Electroplating process, wastewater source and water quality:
The electroplating process is the process of electroplating metal onto the surface of the product by electrolysis. Commonly used types of plating are nickel plating, copper plating, chrome plating, zinc plating, cadmium plating, lead plating, silver plating, tin plating, and gold plating.
2. Main sources of waste water: 1. Washing water for plating parts. accounting for about 80%. 2. The plating solution filters the rinse water and waste plating solution. 3. Waste liquid discharged from electroplating workshop "running, running, dripping and leaking".
3. The hazards of Electroplating wastewater:
In terms of the total amount of electroplating wastewater, such as papermaking, printing and dyeing, chemical industry, and other industries, the amount of water is small, and the pollution area is narrow. However, due to the wide distribution of electroplating plants, the wastewater contains many types of highly toxic substances, and its harmfulness is very high. big. Electroplating wastewater that has not been treated up to the standard is discharged into rivers and ponds and seeps into the ground, which will not only harm the environment, but also pollute drinking water and industrial water. Electroplating wastewater contains heavy metal ions such as chromium zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, nickel and other highly toxic impurities such as acid and alkali cyanide. Some are also carcinogenic and teratogenic highly toxic substances. Therefore, it must be dealt with seriously. so as not to cause harm to people.
Main sources of wastewater and harmful substances:
Type
|
Source
|
Major Hazardous Substances
|
Drainage properties
|
Chromium
|
Chrome plating, filling, pickling, etc.
|
Cr2O72- and a small amount of Cr3+ , hexavalent chromium
|
Acidic
|
Cyanide
|
Cyanide copper zinc silver cadmium and cyanide copper tin alloy
|
CuCN,Cd(CN)2,KCN,NaCN,【Cd(CN)4】2
【Cu(CN)3】-【Au(CN)2】-【Ag(CN)2】-
|
Alkaline
|
Cadmium
|
Ammonium salt chrome plating and chrome tin alloy, cyanide chrome plating, etc.
|
CdcCl2,Cd(CN)2 ,CdO,【Cd(CN)4】2-
|
alkaline, acidic
|
Nickel
|
Bright Nickel, Dark Nickel, etc.
|
NiSO4,Nicl2,H2BO3 , butynediol, etc.
|
Acidic
|
Copper
|
Copper plating, copper plating alloy
|
CuSO4,Cu2P2O7,【CU(P2O7)2】6+
|
Acid, Alkaline
|
Zinc
|
Zinc, Zinc Alloy
|
ZnO,ZnCl2,ZnSO4,NH4Cl
|
Acid, Alkaline
|
Gold
|
gold plated
|
【Au(cn)2】-,KCN
|
Alkaline
|
Silver
|
silver
|
【Ag(cn)2】,KCN
|
Alkaline
|
Acid
|
Pretreatment and other pickling tanks
|
HNO3,HCL,H2SO4,H3PO4,HF
|
Acidic
|
Alkali
|
Pretreatment and other alkaline wash tanks
|
NaOH,NaCO3,Na3PO4
|
Alkaline
|